Elsevier 2023 SDG mapping
Tips
How to read a Scopus query
The Scopus queries presented in this view correspond to what is known on scopus.com as advanced search queries. Advanced searches allow a query creator to create complex and robust queries using field codes, Boolean operators, or proximity operators. We detail each of these elements below.
Field codes
A typical publication's Scopus record contains a myriad of information about it. To make this information easily usable, this information is structured and parsed apart in different fields, each containing a given type of information. For example, the title field contains a publication's title, and the publication year field informs us about when a given publication was first made public.
Field codes are there to indicate which field(s) we would like to source information from when conducting a given search. To avoid searches becoming overly long, they are usually shortened words such as ABS, which stands for "Abstract". The most commonly-used field codes used by our query-building team are:
- TITLE-ABS-KEY
Searches through the Title, Abstract, and all Keywords - TITLE-ABS
Searches only through the Title and Abstract - AUTHKEY
Searches only through the Author-defined keywords - SRCTITLE
Searches only through the journal or conference proceedings' titles
To conduct a search in a given field, the syntax is always field-code(search-term).
The field codes used can potentially have a deep impact on a search. For example, searching for "Canada" in field AFFILCOUNTRY would return publications where at least one author was affiliated with a Canadian institution, while the same search conducted in field TITLE-ABS-KEY would return articles that concern Canada.
Boolean operators
In most cases, conducting a Scopus search using a single field code or a single term is not sufficient to obtain a robust set of results. To remedy this, Scopus searches make use of boolean operators to allow for the combination of different terms or query parts. The allowed operators are
- OR
At least one of the terms must appear in the specified field, or at least one of the searches must match - AND
Both of the terms must appear in the specified field, or both searches must match - AND NOT
Only the first term must appear in the specified field, or only the first search must match
Boolean operators are applied in the order they were listed above. Therefore, KEY(mouse AND NOT cat OR dog) is interpreted as KEY((mouse) AND NOT (cat OR dog)).
Proximity operators
In some instances, a certain word is deemed relevant to a topic only if it is close to another word in the text, or certain phrasings might space out two related words defining a topic, which we could want to be tolerant to. For example, the sentence "publishing scholarly journals" is relevant to the topic of "scholarly publishing", but searching for "scholarly publishing" alone would not capture an article that used this expression.
Using proximity searches enable building queries that are tolerant to such things. Two proximity search operators are available in Scopus:
- W/n
Both terms must be within n words of each other, but not in any particular order - PRE/n
Both terms must be within n words of each other, in the order they are listed in
For example, the search TITLE-ABS-KEY("journal" W/2 "publishing") would capture the sentence from the example above, but TITLE-ABS-KEY("journal" PRE/2 "publishing") would not, since the words are not in the same order.
Introduction
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) challenge the global community to build a world where no one is left behind.
Since 2018, Elsevier has generated SDG search queries to help researchers and institutions track and demonstrate progress toward the SDG targets. In the past 3 years, these queries, along with the university’s own data and evidence supporting progress and contributions to the particular SDG outside of research-based metrics, are used for the THE Impact Rankings.
Method
For 2025, the SDGs use the exact same search query and ML algorithm as the Elsevier 2023 SDG mappings, with only minor modifications coming from changes to the search engine handling the SDG queries. Because of this, while the vast majority of publications retain their original mapping, the number of publications in each SDG has slightly changed.
All these changes were implemented to streamline how SDG queries are handled. Users should note that running these in Scopus should be done for reference purposes only, as the Scopus search engine behaves slightly differently than the classifier used to formerly tag SDGs to publications. Full details of the 2023 methodology are available on Digital Commons Data.
SDG 1 – No Poverty
Query
Below is the full search query used for SDG 1 – No Poverty. We’ve broken it down by each query component. Use the + and – buttons to expand or concatenate the different bracket levels.
Subfields of science
In this section, we show how the publication set, captured by the query above, relates to the Science-Metrix classification system.As shown in Figure 1, the publications related to this publication set fall mainly under the subfields of Economics (37,011 publications), Political Science & Public Administration (17,882 publications) and Public Health (15,070 publications). The total share of each subfield included under the publication set are presented upon hovering your cursor over the bars.
Journals
In this section, we show how the publication set, captured by the query above, relates to scholarly journals. Journals are sorted in terms of their total output in the field. The horizontal bars are proportional to the number of publications contributed by the journal to the current publication set. To see the proportion of the total publications in the journal contributing to this publication set or their relevance score, you can hover your cursor over the bars.The articles on this topic are published most frequently in the following journals: Sustainability (Switzerland) (1,987 publications), PLoS ONE (1,851 publications) and World Development (1,410 publications).
Keywords
Elsevier’s Scopus database of scientific literature, was used for the table below. The document types included in the data sets are journal articles, reviews, short surveys and conference papers, covering the period 1996–2022. We refer to these documents collectively as “publications” or “papers”.In order to help better illustrate the content of this set of publications, indicators associated with the keywords most specific to this set (according to a TF-IDF score) are presented below.
Term | Papers with this term in the publication set | Papers with this term in all of Scopus | Relevance (tf-idf) | Percentage of Scopus |
---|---|---|---|---|
pro-poor | 2441 | 2765 | 19.173646 | 88 |
welfare reform | 3094 | 3586 | 19.116500 | 86 |
energy poverty | 1748 | 2062 | 19.080409 | 85 |
social care services | 1287 | 1480 | 19.074312 | 87 |
poverty and inequality | 1633 | 1938 | 19.060963 | 84 |
poverty rates | 1743 | 2091 | 19.049089 | 83 |
microfinance institution | 1752 | 2107 | 19.045087 | 83 |
microfinance institutions | 1578 | 1886 | 19.043233 | 84 |
extreme poverty | 2177 | 2669 | 19.022988 | 82 |
poverty rate | 2905 | 3558 | 19.015160 | 82 |
urban poverty | 1653 | 2035 | 18.995410 | 81 |
income poverty | 1008 | 1168 | 18.993404 | 86 |
alleviate poverty | 1237 | 1481 | 18.993238 | 84 |
social investment | 1288 | 1593 | 18.944549 | 81 |
food bank | 809 | 922 | 18.941664 | 88 |
income inequalities | 949 | 1128 | 18.929322 | 84 |
anti-poverty | 1033 | 1259 | 18.913091 | 82 |
health and social care services | 749 | 854 | 18.908368 | 88 |
microcredit | 1377 | 1751 | 18.908319 | 79 |
pension reform | 1452 | 1859 | 18.905359 | 78 |
poverty alleviation | 6504 | 7673 | 18.900032 | 85 |
microfinance | 4025 | 5098 | 18.899293 | 79 |
poverty line | 3104 | 4036 | 18.891847 | 77 |
microfinance institutions (mfis) | 701 | 796 | 18.885461 | 88 |
social safety net | 1127 | 1423 | 18.875825 | 79 |
social protection | 5887 | 7164 | 18.872247 | 82 |
financial inclusion | 2785 | 3739 | 18.841320 | 74 |
poverty reduction | 7439 | 8829 | 18.832193 | 84 |
welfare-to-work | 570 | 629 | 18.828346 | 91 |
inequality and poverty | 796 | 975 | 18.812874 | 82 |
disability policy | 641 | 742 | 18.810772 | 86 |
public pension | 1266 | 1696 | 18.798432 | 75 |
social vulnerability index | 608 | 700 | 18.793103 | 87 |
alleviating poverty | 773 | 954 | 18.788232 | 81 |
wealth distribution | 1432 | 1971 | 18.772406 | 73 |
working poor | 713 | 874 | 18.765232 | 82 |
finance institutions | 1722 | 2410 | 18.764239 | 71 |
poverty and social exclusion | 578 | 668 | 18.760407 | 87 |
social safety | 1406 | 1958 | 18.748382 | 72 |
poverty eradication | 752 | 944 | 18.748170 | 80 |
workfare | 607 | 718 | 18.747837 | 85 |
food banks | 508 | 575 | 18.722103 | 88 |
poverty risk | 491 | 551 | 18.715768 | 89 |
poverty measure | 1181 | 1652 | 18.706610 | 71 |
welfare reforms | 508 | 581 | 18.705396 | 87 |
welfare program | 1637 | 2370 | 18.697486 | 69 |
poverty indicator | 496 | 573 | 18.675245 | 87 |
social protection system | 603 | 744 | 18.675208 | 81 |
wealth inequality | 1195 | 1713 | 18.665913 | 70 |
welfare programs | 1013 | 1434 | 18.646674 | 71 |
reducing poverty | 1361 | 2028 | 18.621466 | 67 |
pension plan | 1547 | 2330 | 18.619492 | 66 |
pension reforms | 558 | 702 | 18.603359 | 79 |
wage inequality | 1566 | 2382 | 18.602843 | 66 |
unemployment insurance | 1429 | 2169 | 18.595555 | 66 |
risk of poverty | 470 | 561 | 18.590827 | 84 |
pension plans | 1002 | 1467 | 18.585068 | 68 |
income inequality | 10835 | 13241 | 18.577354 | 82 |
private pension | 664 | 908 | 18.551289 | 73 |
poverty indicators | 405 | 467 | 18.550878 | 87 |
child poverty | 890 | 1302 | 18.550595 | 68 |
employment insurance | 1478 | 2307 | 18.549388 | 64 |
multidimensional poverty | 874 | 1278 | 18.545436 | 68 |
social welfare policy | 463 | 572 | 18.526922 | 81 |
income distributions | 721 | 1034 | 18.507167 | 70 |
fight against poverty | 393 | 461 | 18.503891 | 85 |
income redistribution | 849 | 1267 | 18.500884 | 67 |
age inequality | 1597 | 2575 | 18.498376 | 62 |
economic empowerment | 1156 | 1830 | 18.483363 | 63 |
earnings inequality | 610 | 849 | 18.482939 | 72 |
antipoverty | 453 | 572 | 18.478993 | 79 |
microfin | 4083 | 6403 | 18.468383 | 64 |
social safety nets | 438 | 550 | 18.467105 | 80 |
poverty measures | 553 | 760 | 18.454913 | 73 |
welfare recipients | 870 | 1350 | 18.442291 | 64 |
family policy | 1194 | 1942 | 18.442085 | 61 |
welfare to work | 326 | 366 | 18.438098 | 89 |
financial exclusion | 403 | 501 | 18.429785 | 80 |
temporary assistance for needy families | 387 | 474 | 18.426164 | 82 |
welfare recipient | 891 | 1404 | 18.423503 | 63 |
poverty reduction strategy | 359 | 426 | 18.423494 | 84 |
proletariat | 812 | 1264 | 18.413783 | 64 |
poverty measurement | 531 | 741 | 18.408937 | 72 |
income disparity | 486 | 663 | 18.396963 | 73 |
income distribution | 7739 | 11215 | 18.390695 | 69 |
rural poverty | 1571 | 2689 | 18.388058 | 58 |
income distribution inequality | 322 | 372 | 18.385186 | 87 |
equality of opportunity | 1302 | 2211 | 18.380381 | 59 |
targeted poverty alleviation | 275 | 295 | 18.372459 | 93 |
public pensions | 452 | 610 | 18.372040 | 74 |
social protection systems | 341 | 410 | 18.366456 | 83 |
poverty gap | 414 | 542 | 18.366007 | 76 |
welfare policy | 1391 | 2402 | 18.359565 | 58 |
pro-poor growth | 314 | 367 | 18.348471 | 86 |
poverty index | 761 | 1218 | 18.343587 | 62 |
welfare regime | 1076 | 1829 | 18.342632 | 59 |
poverty reduction strategies | 303 | 351 | 18.334608 | 86 |
poverty levels | 770 | 1246 | 18.329356 | 62 |
relative poverty | 598 | 921 | 18.307294 | 65 |
social welfare program | 431 | 597 | 18.302192 | 72 |
public pension system | 354 | 454 | 18.293811 | 78 |
fare policy | 1413 | 2536 | 18.291918 | 56 |
welfare states | 2130 | 3872 | 18.282011 | 55 |
cycle of poverty | 331 | 415 | 18.280724 | 80 |
welfare policies | 1002 | 1749 | 18.279563 | 57 |
income equality | 356 | 465 | 18.269498 | 77 |
income disparities | 563 | 872 | 18.269375 | 65 |
absolute poverty | 489 | 728 | 18.260448 | 67 |
rights to land | 397 | 547 | 18.259191 | 73 |
poverty lines | 379 | 513 | 18.256686 | 74 |
poverty trap | 682 | 1126 | 18.249393 | 61 |
tipover | 454 | 664 | 18.246958 | 68 |
poverty policy | 285 | 340 | 18.242308 | 84 |
defined contribution pension | 314 | 394 | 18.240661 | 80 |
welfare regimes | 742 | 1262 | 18.232041 | 59 |
safety nets | 953 | 1704 | 18.225120 | 56 |
welfare programme | 403 | 572 | 18.222269 | 70 |
welfare programmes | 329 | 428 | 18.219939 | 77 |
microfinance industry | 248 | 281 | 18.204387 | 88 |
personal responsibility and work opportunity reconciliation act | 265 | 312 | 18.203229 | 85 |
family policies | 621 | 1030 | 18.202486 | 60 |
land redistribution | 344 | 464 | 18.196199 | 74 |
social protection policies | 244 | 278 | 18.182305 | 88 |
distribution inequality | 381 | 543 | 18.179961 | 70 |
land restitution | 256 | 301 | 18.176563 | 85 |
micro-credit | 349 | 485 | 18.160338 | 72 |
global poverty | 567 | 941 | 18.160209 | 60 |
the proletariat | 378 | 552 | 18.136990 | 68 |
poverty incidence | 333 | 461 | 18.133502 | 72 |
incidence of poverty | 429 | 665 | 18.121849 | 65 |
poverty level | 2107 | 4190 | 18.113886 | 50 |
micro-finance | 291 | 387 | 18.095302 | 75 |
microfinance program | 279 | 364 | 18.091448 | 77 |
high poverty | 683 | 1243 | 18.087799 | 55 |
below poverty line | 291 | 389 | 18.087548 | 75 |
retirement pension | 327 | 463 | 18.086244 | 71 |
european welfare | 496 | 829 | 18.082490 | 60 |
social welfare policies | 252 | 314 | 18.077627 | 80 |
household poverty | 403 | 629 | 18.073534 | 64 |
pension scheme | 994 | 1968 | 18.058850 | 51 |
social welfare programs | 303 | 423 | 18.052495 | 72 |
social investments | 254 | 325 | 18.044958 | 78 |
microcredit program | 230 | 278 | 18.044560 | 83 |
poverty dynamics | 286 | 392 | 18.036712 | 73 |
european welfare state | 380 | 597 | 18.026770 | 64 |
defined contribution | 710 | 1359 | 18.017996 | 52 |
private pensions | 274 | 373 | 18.013746 | 73 |
pension schemes | 606 | 1121 | 18.012452 | 54 |
uninsurance | 358 | 554 | 18.011718 | 65 |
food poverty | 287 | 401 | 18.010534 | 72 |
health insurance policy | 264 | 355 | 18.002636 | 74 |
prwora | 196 | 221 | 17.999742 | 89 |
economic growth and poverty reduction | 208 | 244 | 17.998169 | 85 |
determinants of poverty | 205 | 239 | 17.993724 | 86 |
temporary assistance for needy families (tanf) | 240 | 308 | 17.993333 | 78 |
social security system | 1526 | 3243 | 17.992391 | 47 |
living in poverty | 1244 | 2621 | 17.989456 | 47 |
pro-poor tourism | 175 | 184 | 17.988716 | 95 |
federal poverty level | 583 | 1086 | 17.984304 | 54 |
welfare provision | 678 | 1322 | 17.970222 | 51 |
the gini coefficient | 1222 | 2624 | 17.953382 | 47 |
payg | 353 | 566 | 17.947742 | 62 |
and poverty | 10558 | 17365 | 17.944307 | 61 |
anti-poverty program | 239 | 317 | 17.941422 | 75 |
poverty and hunger | 343 | 546 | 17.939839 | 63 |
dimensions of poverty | 245 | 330 | 17.939451 | 74 |
microfinance sector | 205 | 249 | 17.934770 | 82 |
disability policies | 193 | 226 | 17.931195 | 85 |
poverty and vulnerability | 237 | 317 | 17.922040 | 75 |
children's health insurance | 446 | 798 | 17.917090 | 56 |
causes of poverty | 329 | 522 | 17.916662 | 63 |
digital financial inclusion | 193 | 229 | 17.912378 | 84 |
poor households | 1625 | 3613 | 17.912218 | 45 |
social protection programmes | 178 | 200 | 17.911958 | 89 |
social policies | 2942 | 6362 | 17.910748 | 46 |
social vulnerability index (svi) | 190 | 225 | 17.900378 | 84 |
funded pension | 306 | 477 | 17.892804 | 64 |
safety net program | 321 | 513 | 17.888688 | 63 |
employment policy | 634 | 1281 | 17.885561 | 49 |
poverty traps | 305 | 477 | 17.885507 | 64 |
social security reform | 325 | 524 | 17.883768 | 62 |
unemployment benefit | 930 | 2029 | 17.875664 | 46 |
non-poor | 590 | 1179 | 17.874501 | 50 |
european welfare states | 296 | 463 | 17.863643 | 64 |
poverty status | 650 | 1344 | 17.856979 | 48 |
inequality measure | 727 | 1540 | 17.856386 | 47 |
income protection | 184 | 221 | 17.849729 | 83 |
gini coefficient | 2248 | 5137 | 17.846629 | 44 |
poor household | 1693 | 3912 | 17.841932 | 43 |
chronic poverty | 307 | 496 | 17.840924 | 62 |
age pension | 614 | 1265 | 17.840753 | 49 |
health insurance coverage | 2014 | 4655 | 17.835031 | 43 |
social security disability insurance | 264 | 399 | 17.829008 | 66 |
children's health insurance program | 401 | 731 | 17.827537 | 55 |
temporary assistance to needy families | 157 | 172 | 17.820851 | 91 |
rural finance | 209 | 279 | 17.816188 | 75 |
poverty. | 11470 | 19529 | 17.814770 | 59 |
unemployment benefits | 749 | 1640 | 17.810394 | 46 |
black economic empowerment | 193 | 246 | 17.810199 | 78 |
afdc | 422 | 793 | 17.809044 | 53 |
defined benefit | 619 | 1307 | 17.803557 | 47 |
poverty programs | 226 | 319 | 17.803268 | 71 |
multidimensional poverty index | 250 | 375 | 17.797248 | 67 |
poverty reduction strategy paper | 168 | 197 | 17.794751 | 85 |
the welfare state | 2719 | 6295 | 17.793926 | 43 |
social exclusion | 5634 | 11798 | 17.767490 | 48 |
pension benefit | 494 | 1007 | 17.761877 | 49 |
social welfare system | 403 | 771 | 17.754811 | 52 |
pension policy | 270 | 434 | 17.754561 | 62 |
concentrated poverty | 246 | 377 | 17.752725 | 65 |
welfare systems | 800 | 1834 | 17.752385 | 44 |
level of poverty | 348 | 630 | 17.751631 | 55 |
persistent poverty | 273 | 445 | 17.742040 | 61 |
cash transfers | 958 | 2273 | 17.737341 | 42 |
poverty indices | 198 | 270 | 17.737132 | 73 |
social security systems | 424 | 836 | 17.735944 | 51 |
household income inequality | 161 | 191 | 17.735851 | 84 |
health insurance scheme | 899 | 2118 | 17.735631 | 42 |
welfare state regime | 261 | 418 | 17.734117 | 62 |
labour market policies | 472 | 968 | 17.729761 | 49 |
equality measure | 741 | 1703 | 17.725605 | 44 |
defined benefit pension plan | 197 | 270 | 17.725301 | 73 |
inequality measures | 450 | 916 | 17.717328 | 49 |
poverty threshold | 334 | 608 | 17.716642 | 55 |
health poverty | 281 | 473 | 17.715412 | 59 |
active labour market | 437 | 888 | 17.704668 | 49 |
social protection programs | 171 | 218 | 17.694941 | 78 |
means-tested | 454 | 942 | 17.691514 | 48 |
regional income inequality | 153 | 182 | 17.680190 | 84 |
rising inequality | 440 | 912 | 17.676919 | 48 |
uninsured children | 235 | 371 | 17.672201 | 63 |
cash transfer | 1381 | 3501 | 17.668265 | 39 |
welfare receipt | 197 | 281 | 17.668167 | 70 |
pay-as-you-go pension | 183 | 250 | 17.662093 | 73 |
top income | 328 | 614 | 17.662066 | 53 |
poverty headcount | 185 | 255 | 17.659551 | 73 |
state children's health insurance program | 248 | 407 | 17.658260 | 61 |
islamic microfinance | 171 | 224 | 17.656819 | 76 |
social security policy | 171 | 224 | 17.656819 | 76 |
equality of opportunities | 237 | 380 | 17.656365 | 62 |
pension benefits | 397 | 807 | 17.651405 | 49 |
unbanked | 303 | 555 | 17.641850 | 55 |
poverty-alleviation | 143 | 167 | 17.635088 | 86 |
agricultural finance | 179 | 246 | 17.632917 | 73 |
welfare benefits | 815 | 2011 | 17.632583 | 41 |
universal coverage | 925 | 2328 | 17.628336 | 40 |
poverty research | 221 | 348 | 17.625316 | 64 |
distribution of income | 1313 | 3411 | 17.621263 | 38 |
welfare benefit | 904 | 2279 | 17.620557 | 40 |
social protections | 174 | 237 | 17.618675 | 73 |
employment benefits | 788 | 1954 | 17.615279 | 40 |
poor people | 1745 | 4572 | 17.610167 | 38 |
health insurance schemes | 371 | 756 | 17.608320 | 49 |
social assistance | 1459 | 3842 | 17.602011 | 38 |
social spending | 501 | 1137 | 17.596165 | 44 |
security reform | 332 | 653 | 17.594339 | 51 |
equality measures | 463 | 1030 | 17.590581 | 45 |
minimum income | 333 | 658 | 17.589197 | 51 |
social transfers | 260 | 459 | 17.586692 | 57 |
rural poverty reduction | 135 | 157 | 17.579296 | 86 |
poverty trends | 132 | 151 | 17.577296 | 87 |
gini coefficients | 433 | 953 | 17.573679 | 45 |
welfare state | 7267 | 15763 | 17.569183 | 46 |
active labour market policies | 259 | 462 | 17.568416 | 56 |
employment policies | 518 | 1208 | 17.567377 | 43 |
public pension systems | 153 | 198 | 17.563650 | 77 |
dc pension | 146 | 183 | 17.559748 | 80 |
eu-silc | 376 | 796 | 17.556948 | 47 |
retrenchment | 1036 | 2751 | 17.555951 | 38 |
welfare system | 2358 | 6271 | 17.552933 | 38 |
defined benefit pension | 281 | 528 | 17.550658 | 53 |
income gap | 661 | 1654 | 17.546773 | 40 |
gender wage gap | 579 | 1414 | 17.538748 | 41 |
financial inclusion index | 133 | 158 | 17.534280 | 84 |
old-age pension | 296 | 577 | 17.531806 | 51 |
anti-poverty policies | 137 | 167 | 17.531046 | 82 |
social expenditure | 393 | 861 | 17.528725 | 46 |
poverty and health | 210 | 344 | 17.525142 | 61 |
wealth distributions | 160 | 221 | 17.517876 | 72 |
state welfare | 374 | 811 | 17.516605 | 46 |
access to land | 743 | 1936 | 17.515388 | 38 |
defined-contribution | 171 | 248 | 17.513908 | 69 |
grameen | 262 | 488 | 17.512879 | 54 |
aid to families with dependent children | 263 | 491 | 17.512252 | 54 |
uninsured | 3999 | 10157 | 17.510075 | 39 |
wage distribution | 522 | 1264 | 17.510014 | 41 |
poverty impact | 207 | 342 | 17.500575 | 61 |
social security disability | 330 | 689 | 17.499224 | 48 |
poverty vulnerability | 145 | 189 | 17.498891 | 77 |
pay-as-you-go (payg) | 140 | 178 | 17.496466 | 79 |
insurance health | 526 | 1289 | 17.493978 | 41 |
fighting poverty | 184 | 285 | 17.489121 | 65 |
social health insurance | 494 | 1196 | 17.485949 | 41 |
safety net | 3580 | 9405 | 17.479309 | 38 |
cultural finance | 179 | 275 | 17.475487 | 65 |
basic income | 519 | 1283 | 17.474151 | 40 |
rural poverty alleviation | 126 | 150 | 17.472442 | 84 |
pro-poor policies | 116 | 129 | 17.470780 | 90 |
monetary poverty | 171 | 256 | 17.469331 | 67 |
vulnerable communities | 760 | 2043 | 17.469176 | 37 |
cash transfer program | 475 | 1150 | 17.467940 | 41 |
poverty estimates | 159 | 227 | 17.465746 | 70 |
defined contribution pension plan | 130 | 160 | 17.461653 | 81 |
health insurance program | 917 | 2542 | 17.460235 | 36 |
grameen bank | 204 | 345 | 17.454560 | 59 |
welfare state regimes | 192 | 313 | 17.454506 | 61 |
safety net programs | 180 | 282 | 17.452949 | 64 |
labour market policy | 381 | 867 | 17.452248 | 44 |
measurement of poverty | 183 | 290 | 17.451802 | 63 |
income insurance | 139 | 182 | 17.448818 | 76 |
microfinance organization | 122 | 144 | 17.448201 | 85 |
comparative social policy | 135 | 173 | 17.447364 | 78 |
income and wealth | 801 | 2201 | 17.445604 | 36 |
access to financial services | 259 | 502 | 17.445326 | 52 |
welfare dependency | 209 | 362 | 17.440665 | 58 |
social policy reform | 166 | 249 | 17.438463 | 67 |
rural banks | 162 | 240 | 17.432411 | 68 |
social policy | 8328 | 18582 | 17.431492 | 45 |
poverty analysis | 174 | 271 | 17.430007 | 64 |
income and living conditions | 324 | 703 | 17.428922 | 46 |
rural bank | 218 | 390 | 17.428829 | 56 |
income share | 460 | 1131 | 17.428232 | 41 |
insurance schemes | 656 | 1764 | 17.424894 | 37 |
household welfare | 467 | 1156 | 17.424601 | 40 |
functional income distribution | 127 | 158 | 17.421751 | 80 |
luxembourg income study | 159 | 235 | 17.417590 | 68 |
public assistance | 762 | 2113 | 17.417516 | 36 |
community-based health insurance | 200 | 345 | 17.409204 | 58 |
income support | 625 | 1683 | 17.406407 | 37 |
safety-net | 879 | 2503 | 17.405724 | 35 |
wealth inequalities | 176 | 281 | 17.405629 | 63 |
pension provision | 209 | 374 | 17.393641 | 56 |
water poverty | 162 | 247 | 17.392338 | 66 |
vulnerability to poverty | 148 | 212 | 17.390006 | 70 |
fuel poverty | 324 | 723 | 17.386154 | 45 |
income and wealth distribution | 135 | 181 | 17.385908 | 75 |
social security contribution | 258 | 522 | 17.378855 | 49 |
growth and inequality | 194 | 337 | 17.372940 | 58 |
lorenz curve | 649 | 1800 | 17.370176 | 36 |
national health insurance scheme | 336 | 769 | 17.369912 | 44 |
retirement pensions | 139 | 193 | 17.368715 | 72 |
combating poverty | 144 | 206 | 17.364115 | 70 |
welfare state reform | 178 | 295 | 17.363313 | 60 |
working poverty | 104 | 114 | 17.362377 | 91 |
social security. | 651 | 1816 | 17.361608 | 36 |
welfare-to-work programs | 110 | 127 | 17.359922 | 87 |
defined benefit pension plans | 136 | 187 | 17.359329 | 73 |
income and wealth inequality | 152 | 227 | 17.359068 | 67 |
social security contributions | 235 | 460 | 17.357398 | 51 |
cash assistance | 227 | 438 | 17.351376 | 52 |
measures of income inequality | 130 | 174 | 17.348215 | 75 |
microlending | 115 | 140 | 17.340571 | 82 |
market policies | 730 | 2109 | 17.337097 | 35 |
occupational pension | 231 | 455 | 17.334973 | 51 |
social security scheme | 206 | 381 | 17.334059 | 54 |
reducing inequality | 295 | 656 | 17.331017 | 45 |
poverty risks | 110 | 130 | 17.329083 | 85 |
social transfer | 303 | 684 | 17.325863 | 44 |
economic inequality | 1990 | 6047 | 17.325020 | 33 |
equality reduction | 174 | 292 | 17.324970 | 60 |
regional poverty | 142 | 207 | 17.324091 | 69 |
earned income tax credit | 255 | 533 | 17.322128 | 48 |
personal responsibility and work opportunity reconciliation act (prwora) | 99 | 107 | 17.321678 | 93 |
headcount ratio | 143 | 210 | 17.321123 | 68 |
fare system | 2362 | 7118 | 17.315264 | 33 |
conditional cash transfer | 559 | 1555 | 17.312889 | 36 |
public health insurance | 629 | 1798 | 17.310070 | 35 |
social security benefit | 476 | 1273 | 17.309985 | 37 |
earned income tax | 256 | 542 | 17.305986 | 47 |
poverty alleviation programs | 126 | 170 | 17.303914 | 74 |
poverty reduction effect | 101 | 113 | 17.300718 | 89 |
inequality of income | 189 | 340 | 17.300408 | 56 |
anti-poverty policy | 106 | 124 | 17.299509 | 85 |
high-poverty | 443 | 1168 | 17.299438 | 38 |
esping-andersen | 185 | 329 | 17.298019 | 56 |
neighborhood poverty | 285 | 639 | 17.295605 | 45 |
security contribution | 262 | 567 | 17.290131 | 46 |
social security benefits | 424 | 1114 | 17.283688 | 38 |
top incomes | 165 | 276 | 17.280399 | 60 |
income shares | 247 | 523 | 17.279642 | 47 |
wage gap | 1036 | 3229 | 17.276573 | 32 |
state retrenchment | 147 | 228 | 17.273771 | 64 |
in-work poverty | 112 | 141 | 17.266106 | 79 |
poor families | 611 | 1784 | 17.265463 | 34 |
poverty in india | 160 | 265 | 17.265220 | 60 |
microfinance services | 114 | 146 | 17.263370 | 78 |
insurance scheme | 1423 | 4524 | 17.261412 | 31 |
private pension fund | 120 | 161 | 17.258391 | 75 |
high inequality | 215 | 430 | 17.256103 | 50 |
poverty reduction strategy papers | 102 | 120 | 17.246825 | 85 |
household income distribution | 114 | 148 | 17.245308 | 77 |
welfare spending | 222 | 459 | 17.233305 | 48 |
catastrophic health expenditure | 349 | 886 | 17.233209 | 39 |
rural poor | 811 | 2543 | 17.224487 | 32 |
asset poverty | 90 | 96 | 17.221515 | 94 |
vulnerable households | 311 | 762 | 17.218381 | 41 |
economic poverty | 146 | 235 | 17.216046 | 62 |
headcount | 388 | 1036 | 17.213220 | 37 |
public pension fund | 126 | 182 | 17.212073 | 69 |
poverty alleviation policy | 90 | 97 | 17.208219 | 93 |
inequality and growth | 140 | 220 | 17.207013 | 64 |
energy poor | 141 | 223 | 17.205395 | 63 |
vulnerable household | 320 | 800 | 17.205377 | 40 |
wealth and income | 252 | 568 | 17.202043 | 44 |
microfinancing | 112 | 148 | 17.201943 | 76 |
access to health insurance | 225 | 479 | 17.201235 | 47 |
income mobility | 281 | 667 | 17.200642 | 42 |
active labour | 472 | 1353 | 17.195487 | 35 |
micro finance | 160 | 279 | 17.193581 | 57 |
regional income | 402 | 1100 | 17.193228 | 37 |
hunger and poverty | 189 | 367 | 17.191672 | 51 |
social safeguards | 94 | 107 | 17.191534 | 88 |
social rights | 1066 | 3495 | 17.191443 | 31 |
welfare retrenchment | 115 | 157 | 17.188236 | 73 |
uninsured population | 215 | 451 | 17.187094 | 48 |
social welfare. | 1713 | 5654 | 17.186233 | 30 |
eradicating poverty | 166 | 299 | 17.182555 | 56 |
medicaid expansion | 591 | 1808 | 17.177661 | 33 |
redistributive | 1585 | 5283 | 17.173117 | 30 |
personal income distribution | 103 | 130 | 17.166381 | 79 |
poverty assessment | 145 | 241 | 17.165192 | 60 |
new poverty | 117 | 165 | 17.164062 | 71 |
welfare and poverty | 106 | 138 | 17.158961 | 77 |
social right | 1109 | 3713 | 17.158456 | 30 |
eradication of poverty | 152 | 263 | 17.155653 | 58 |
bismarckian | 160 | 287 | 17.154242 | 56 |
pro-poor development | 89 | 99 | 17.153812 | 90 |
poverty alleviation strategy | 92 | 106 | 17.149613 | 87 |
disability insurance | 550 | 1689 | 17.146046 | 33 |
workfare program | 109 | 147 | 17.144365 | 74 |
poverty-stricken areas | 144 | 242 | 17.143194 | 60 |
uninsured rate | 151 | 263 | 17.140197 | 57 |
poverty relief | 138 | 226 | 17.136144 | 61 |
poverty and environment | 169 | 319 | 17.133296 | 53 |
inequality data | 130 | 204 | 17.133101 | 64 |
social pension | 157 | 283 | 17.129712 | 55 |
welfare state development | 139 | 230 | 17.129310 | 60 |
poverty and welfare | 105 | 139 | 17.126139 | 76 |
cash benefit | 282 | 706 | 17.123188 | 40 |
temporary assistance to needy families (tanf) | 87 | 97 | 17.122458 | 90 |
income-related | 335 | 901 | 17.121018 | 37 |
social citizenship | 312 | 819 | 17.115786 | 38 |
health insurance status | 417 | 1214 | 17.114087 | 34 |
poverty profile | 110 | 153 | 17.113910 | 72 |
old age pension | 213 | 468 | 17.112676 | 46 |
formal financial services | 126 | 196 | 17.112288 | 64 |
state pension | 253 | 608 | 17.110161 | 42 |
welfare state retrenchment | 115 | 167 | 17.106157 | 69 |
measures of inequality | 224 | 508 | 17.105782 | 44 |
aid to families with dependent children (afdc) | 151 | 270 | 17.103931 | 56 |
consumption inequality | 192 | 401 | 17.101222 | 48 |
social protection policy | 88 | 101 | 17.099694 | 87 |
employment guarantee | 248 | 596 | 17.095963 | 42 |
welfare rights | 183 | 373 | 17.095180 | 49 |
welfare model | 247 | 593 | 17.094561 | 42 |
jobless | 561 | 1788 | 17.092728 | 31 |
conditional cash transfers | 298 | 780 | 17.091736 | 38 |
data poverty | 115 | 169 | 17.090333 | 68 |
pension coverage | 136 | 228 | 17.089552 | 60 |
food stamp | 374 | 1068 | 17.089467 | 35 |
new social risks | 110 | 156 | 17.088262 | 71 |
defined-benefit | 141 | 243 | 17.087925 | 58 |
public coverage | 175 | 349 | 17.087126 | 50 |
war on poverty | 164 | 314 | 17.086123 | 52 |
mfis | 1098 | 3830 | 17.085649 | 29 |
the gini index | 445 | 1345 | 17.085150 | 33 |
digital financial | 292 | 762 | 17.083417 | 38 |
international poverty line | 90 | 107 | 17.082333 | 84 |
activation policies | 157 | 293 | 17.081514 | 54 |
social security program | 226 | 524 | 17.080321 | 43 |
gini index | 841 | 2898 | 17.071257 | 29 |
social insurance | 1504 | 5315 | 17.069012 | 28 |
market policy | 571 | 1854 | 17.068575 | 31 |
world poverty | 166 | 325 | 17.065948 | 51 |
food stamps | 270 | 689 | 17.065785 | 39 |
credit program | 369 | 1070 | 17.058610 | 34 |
poverty map | 144 | 258 | 17.055378 | 56 |
social welfare systems | 135 | 231 | 17.054301 | 58 |
relative income | 429 | 1310 | 17.052273 | 33 |
high unemployment | 852 | 2976 | 17.050469 | 29 |
tanf recipients | 81 | 89 | 17.050410 | 91 |
welfare participation | 121 | 191 | 17.049825 | 63 |
safety-net hospitals | 149 | 276 | 17.042486 | 54 |
youth unemployment | 535 | 1747 | 17.036327 | 31 |
multidimensional poverty index (mpi) | 111 | 165 | 17.036162 | 67 |
microcredits | 84 | 97 | 17.033686 | 87 |
cash transfer programs | 192 | 421 | 17.031821 | 46 |
private health insurance | 893 | 3168 | 17.031742 | 28 |
generational poverty | 119 | 188 | 17.030938 | 63 |
comparative welfare state | 110 | 163 | 17.030284 | 67 |
gender wage inequality | 86 | 102 | 17.029156 | 84 |
equal income | 173 | 357 | 17.028953 | 48 |
microcredit programme | 85 | 100 | 17.024873 | 85 |
low-income households | 965 | 3461 | 17.023844 | 28 |
pension fund | 1053 | 3798 | 17.023458 | 28 |
social welfare services | 199 | 448 | 17.023439 | 44 |
microfinance organizations | 87 | 105 | 17.021286 | 83 |
pension system reform | 87 | 105 | 17.021286 | 83 |
market income | 170 | 349 | 17.020796 | 49 |
the lorenz curve | 258 | 665 | 17.020120 | 39 |
critical social policy | 131 | 225 | 17.018764 | 58 |
income security | 345 | 1003 | 17.018284 | 34 |
cash transfer programme | 165 | 333 | 17.018061 | 50 |
poverty and inequalities | 83 | 96 | 17.016527 | 86 |
social welfare service | 213 | 501 | 17.014183 | 43 |
top income share | 115 | 179 | 17.013918 | 64 |
depth of poverty | 87 | 106 | 17.009186 | 82 |
low-income household | 986 | 3573 | 17.008549 | 28 |
growth and income distribution | 109 | 163 | 17.008075 | 67 |
risk of social exclusion | 187 | 411 | 17.006534 | 45 |
work-family policies | 98 | 134 | 17.003878 | 73 |
low-income adults | 248 | 635 | 17.002522 | 39 |
public pension scheme | 96 | 129 | 17.002226 | 74 |
childhood poverty | 184 | 402 | 17.001419 | 46 |
private pension funds | 99 | 137 | 17.000136 | 72 |
universal health insurance | 327 | 945 | 16.997258 | 35 |
antipoverty programs | 87 | 107 | 16.997199 | 81 |
social vulnerability | 1176 | 4338 | 16.991508 | 27 |
financial risk protection | 188 | 419 | 16.991162 | 45 |
family poverty | 198 | 455 | 16.989951 | 44 |
mobile money | 296 | 828 | 16.987318 | 36 |
rural income | 352 | 1052 | 16.986782 | 33 |
welfare state research | 114 | 180 | 16.985438 | 63 |
group lending | 138 | 253 | 16.982252 | 55 |
retirement income | 424 | 1349 | 16.982157 | 31 |
income transfer | 315 | 907 | 16.981087 | 35 |
earned income | 398 | 1245 | 16.978921 | 32 |
national health insurance scheme (nhis) | 149 | 290 | 16.974298 | 51 |
children in poverty | 145 | 277 | 16.974047 | 52 |
distribution of wealth | 525 | 1776 | 16.972283 | 30 |
survey of income and program participation | 277 | 762 | 16.970511 | 36 |
subjective poverty | 103 | 151 | 16.970446 | 68 |
concentration of poverty | 118 | 194 | 16.968731 | 61 |
multidimensional energy poverty | 81 | 95 | 16.968002 | 85 |
inequality decomposition | 133 | 240 | 16.967132 | 55 |
social security | 8912 | 24251 | 16.963366 | 37 |
severe poverty | 139 | 260 | 16.961958 | 53 |
world income | 156 | 317 | 16.957504 | 49 |
basic pension | 109 | 170 | 16.952608 | 64 |
unemployment protection | 85 | 106 | 16.950741 | 80 |
safety-net hospital | 300 | 865 | 16.949830 | 35 |
wage inequalities | 103 | 154 | 16.944705 | 67 |
female-headed | 446 | 1475 | 16.943487 | 30 |
old-age pensions | 123 | 213 | 16.942907 | 58 |
insurance program | 1389 | 5279 | 16.940080 | 26 |
nordic welfare | 221 | 559 | 16.936931 | 40 |
dc pension plan | 80 | 95 | 16.936528 | 84 |
female-headed households | 354 | 1098 | 16.932603 | 32 |
pro-rich | 283 | 807 | 16.930377 | 35 |
pay-as-you-go pension system | 95 | 134 | 16.927122 | 71 |
poverty reduction programme | 75 | 84 | 16.926665 | 89 |
poverty concentration | 99 | 145 | 16.926302 | 68 |
distributive policies | 278 | 790 | 16.924251 | 35 |
defined-contribution pension | 80 | 96 | 16.923325 | 83 |
social security policies | 88 | 116 | 16.922623 | 76 |
at-risk-of-poverty | 74 | 82 | 16.922372 | 90 |
social protection expenditure | 77 | 89 | 16.921473 | 87 |
national rural employment guarantee | 186 | 433 | 16.920388 | 43 |
inclusive growth | 503 | 1742 | 16.918539 | 29 |
top income shares | 104 | 160 | 16.918224 | 65 |
multi-dimensional poverty | 89 | 119 | 16.918121 | 75 |
male-headed households | 382 | 1227 | 16.917529 | 31 |
alleviation strategies | 133 | 249 | 16.917187 | 53 |
welfare reform act | 72 | 78 | 16.914251 | 92 |
female-headed household | 367 | 1167 | 16.912981 | 31 |
poverty governance | 78 | 92 | 16.912685 | 85 |
redistributive policies | 252 | 691 | 16.912482 | 36 |
dynamics of poverty | 96 | 139 | 16.905525 | 69 |
out-of-pocket payment | 391 | 1276 | 16.904204 | 31 |
inequality indices | 194 | 468 | 16.904047 | 41 |
local poverty | 98 | 145 | 16.901389 | 68 |
wealth disparities | 100 | 151 | 16.898137 | 66 |
benefit system | 270 | 775 | 16.890503 | 35 |
absolute income | 176 | 405 | 16.890409 | 43 |
male-headed household | 397 | 1314 | 16.889462 | 30 |
welfare support | 182 | 428 | 16.887971 | 43 |
women’s economic empowerment | 92 | 130 | 16.886910 | 71 |
inclusion index | 137 | 268 | 16.886706 | 51 |
local welfare | 171 | 388 | 16.885479 | 44 |
financial protection | 429 | 1458 | 16.883414 | 29 |
inequality trend | 145 | 296 | 16.882962 | 49 |
health financing | 521 | 1860 | 16.882533 | 28 |
active labour market policy | 150 | 314 | 16.880162 | 48 |
poverty impacts | 102 | 159 | 16.879126 | 64 |
the millennium development goals | 808 | 3105 | 16.878563 | 26 |
anti-poverty programs | 93 | 134 | 16.874592 | 69 |
jobless growth | 100 | 154 | 16.872506 | 65 |
abject poverty | 154 | 330 | 16.872106 | 47 |
needy | 959 | 3755 | 16.871282 | 26 |
gender poverty | 102 | 160 | 16.870934 | 64 |
politics of welfare | 95 | 140 | 16.870476 | 68 |
cash benefits | 210 | 542 | 16.869200 | 39 |
pension expenditure | 96 | 143 | 16.868780 | 67 |
welfare-state | 174 | 404 | 16.868057 | 43 |
social security insurance | 81 | 103 | 16.865875 | 79 |
distributive effect | 342 | 1095 | 16.865345 | 31 |
pension contribution | 145 | 300 | 16.864533 | 48 |
pay-as-you-go | 640 | 2405 | 16.863563 | 27 |
microfinance bank | 90 | 127 | 16.862478 | 71 |
redistributive effect | 252 | 716 | 16.859982 | 35 |
poorest of the poor | 168 | 384 | 16.859847 | 44 |
welfare payments | 159 | 351 | 16.859781 | 45 |
children living in poverty | 173 | 403 | 16.858513 | 43 |
social grant | 126 | 237 | 16.856532 | 53 |
no poverty | 129 | 247 | 16.856262 | 52 |
pension income | 143 | 295 | 16.855387 | 48 |
deep poverty | 101 | 159 | 16.855121 | 64 |
income data | 368 | 1216 | 16.854892 | 30 |
housing poverty | 105 | 171 | 16.854288 | 61 |
inequality trends | 130 | 251 | 16.852710 | 52 |
women's land rights | 74 | 87 | 16.848617 | 85 |
defined contribution pension scheme | 74 | 87 | 16.848617 | 85 |
microloan | 121 | 222 | 16.848459 | 55 |
food insecurity | 3866 | 13777 | 16.846878 | 28 |
health insurance market | 295 | 905 | 16.846127 | 33 |
medicaid expansions | 161 | 362 | 16.845395 | 44 |
out-of-pocket payments | 313 | 984 | 16.843960 | 32 |
supplemental security income | 259 | 754 | 16.842307 | 34 |
gender inequities | 222 | 602 | 16.839159 | 37 |
poor women | 521 | 1912 | 16.838024 | 27 |
affordable care act (aca) | 540 | 1999 | 16.836368 | 27 |
welfare provisions | 132 | 261 | 16.835649 | 51 |
public pension funds | 94 | 141 | 16.835248 | 67 |
public transfers | 149 | 321 | 16.834338 | 46 |
urban poor | 925 | 3693 | 16.833535 | 25 |
anti-poverty programmes | 76 | 93 | 16.833189 | 82 |
public transfer | 184 | 454 | 16.828939 | 41 |
material deprivation | 373 | 1259 | 16.828691 | 30 |
health insurance reform | 150 | 326 | 16.828430 | 46 |
millennium development goals | 1290 | 5227 | 16.826440 | 25 |
welfare services | 854 | 3403 | 16.825961 | 25 |
pension funds | 647 | 2493 | 16.825017 | 26 |
insurance expansion | 151 | 331 | 16.822705 | 46 |
water poverty index | 91 | 134 | 16.820921 | 68 |
small loans | 125 | 240 | 16.820799 | 52 |
and unemployment | 2431 | 9474 | 16.820170 | 26 |
social welfare provision | 109 | 188 | 16.819845 | 58 |
economic independence | 353 | 1177 | 16.819691 | 30 |
pension saving | 139 | 289 | 16.817617 | 48 |
poverty targeting | 84 | 115 | 16.817505 | 73 |
y-net | 883 | 3546 | 16.817490 | 25 |
micro credit | 97 | 152 | 16.815064 | 64 |
access to basic services | 161 | 370 | 16.814952 | 44 |
poor and non-poor | 136 | 279 | 16.814837 | 49 |
elderly poverty | 77 | 97 | 16.813571 | 79 |
millennium development goals (mdgs) | 430 | 1530 | 16.812051 | 28 |
nutrition poverty | 116 | 212 | 16.809635 | 55 |
conditional cash transfer program | 220 | 607 | 16.807375 | 36 |
piketty | 198 | 518 | 16.804288 | 38 |
welfare service | 965 | 3931 | 16.803494 | 25 |
energy poverty alleviation | 65 | 69 | 16.801082 | 94 |
social security schemes | 120 | 227 | 16.798977 | 53 |
the urban poor | 646 | 2529 | 16.798327 | 26 |
rural income inequality | 72 | 86 | 16.793089 | 84 |
lone parents | 149 | 331 | 16.792062 | 45 |
kakwani | 115 | 212 | 16.789010 | 54 |
transfer programmes | 152 | 343 | 16.788664 | 44 |
private pension system | 77 | 99 | 16.787986 | 78 |
fare scheme | 181 | 456 | 16.785920 | 40 |
lorenz curves | 246 | 727 | 16.785654 | 34 |
cash transfer programmes | 103 | 174 | 16.784938 | 59 |
social welfare | 9405 | 27355 | 16.783359 | 34 |
low-income individuals | 298 | 957 | 16.783166 | 31 |
funded pension system | 86 | 124 | 16.780248 | 69 |
inequality indicators | 107 | 188 | 16.775308 | 57 |
defined benefit plan | 128 | 259 | 16.773930 | 49 |
inequality measurement | 157 | 366 | 16.772747 | 43 |
household food insecurity | 457 | 1694 | 16.772576 | 27 |
formal employment | 476 | 1783 | 16.771866 | 27 |
poor children | 335 | 1132 | 16.771610 | 30 |
consumption poverty | 82 | 114 | 16.768371 | 72 |
prsps | 82 | 114 | 16.768371 | 72 |
inequality of opportunity | 203 | 552 | 16.768179 | 37 |
poverty areas | 196 | 523 | 16.768078 | 37 |
gender inequity | 249 | 753 | 16.759885 | 33 |
islamic microfinance institution | 73 | 91 | 16.758021 | 80 |
micro-lending | 71 | 86 | 16.757390 | 83 |
energy poverty index | 71 | 86 | 16.757390 | 83 |
poverty transition | 82 | 115 | 16.757319 | 71 |
skilled-unskilled wage inequality | 62 | 65 | 16.750932 | 95 |
insurance reform | 223 | 645 | 16.748655 | 35 |
earned income tax credit (eitc) | 135 | 290 | 16.745067 | 47 |
right to water | 216 | 618 | 16.741295 | 35 |
poverty area | 216 | 618 | 16.741295 | 35 |
taxes and transfers | 127 | 262 | 16.740018 | 48 |
income transfers | 194 | 526 | 16.737224 | 37 |
pro-poor policy | 72 | 90 | 16.736673 | 80 |
public assistance program | 127 | 263 | 16.734883 | 48 |
european employment strategy | 103 | 181 | 16.733331 | 57 |
wage gaps | 227 | 670 | 16.731851 | 34 |
welfare use | 109 | 201 | 16.731644 | 54 |
lone parent | 208 | 588 | 16.730711 | 35 |
health care safety net | 95 | 156 | 16.730533 | 61 |
intergenerational poverty | 87 | 132 | 16.729143 | 66 |
access to electricity | 497 | 1933 | 16.727704 | 26 |
health and poverty | 112 | 212 | 16.726039 | 53 |
rural livelihoods | 630 | 2569 | 16.724413 | 25 |
education and poverty | 105 | 189 | 16.722970 | 56 |
millennium development goal | 1502 | 6438 | 16.718953 | 23 |
welfare state policies | 109 | 203 | 16.718583 | 54 |
poverty headcount ratio | 73 | 94 | 16.717687 | 78 |
lone mothers | 164 | 409 | 16.717079 | 40 |
inequality index | 225 | 668 | 16.717042 | 34 |
private pension scheme | 65 | 74 | 16.715619 | 88 |
rural employment | 319 | 1100 | 16.714121 | 29 |
universal welfare | 104 | 187 | 16.713905 | 56 |
labour and livelihoods | 164 | 410 | 16.713669 | 40 |
measure of inequality | 125 | 260 | 16.713144 | 48 |
universal basic income | 172 | 443 | 16.712429 | 39 |
rural households | 1519 | 6534 | 16.711639 | 23 |
minimum pension | 78 | 108 | 16.711291 | 72 |
national welfare | 284 | 939 | 16.710690 | 30 |
access to credit | 706 | 2955 | 16.708169 | 24 |
insurance benefits | 325 | 1134 | 16.706297 | 29 |
low incomes | 498 | 1965 | 16.705291 | 25 |
mdgs | 619 | 2548 | 16.704255 | 24 |
families in poverty | 93 | 153 | 16.703647 | 61 |
funded pensions | 82 | 120 | 16.703462 | 68 |
millennium development | 1513 | 6542 | 16.702548 | 23 |
financial inclusion (fi) | 63 | 70 | 16.702521 | 90 |
payg pension | 83 | 123 | 16.702335 | 67 |
labor market policies | 196 | 548 | 16.701315 | 36 |
rural livelihood | 753 | 3190 | 16.700840 | 24 |
worlds of welfare | 86 | 132 | 16.700569 | 65 |
microfinance market | 69 | 85 | 16.698878 | 81 |
wealth gap | 166 | 423 | 16.697384 | 39 |
nordic welfare state | 164 | 415 | 16.696746 | 40 |
food insecure | 584 | 2393 | 16.695554 | 24 |
old-age poverty | 76 | 104 | 16.693324 | 73 |
distributional impact | 329 | 1163 | 16.692997 | 28 |
poverty ratio | 132 | 290 | 16.692859 | 46 |
wage share | 147 | 348 | 16.692111 | 42 |
social grants | 106 | 197 | 16.691288 | 54 |
bolsa família | 165 | 421 | 16.690400 | 39 |
sustainable poverty reduction | 61 | 66 | 16.690102 | 92 |
occupational pensions | 116 | 232 | 16.689655 | 50 |
fare payment | 177 | 472 | 16.687266 | 38 |
access to water | 1089 | 4771 | 16.685359 | 23 |
pension wealth | 108 | 205 | 16.683635 | 53 |
social policy reforms | 81 | 119 | 16.683484 | 68 |
women's economic empowerment | 82 | 122 | 16.682545 | 67 |
microloans | 95 | 162 | 16.681727 | 59 |
inequality change | 102 | 185 | 16.681237 | 55 |
microenterprise | 357 | 1310 | 16.677710 | 27 |
household incomes | 542 | 2215 | 16.677219 | 24 |
distributive impact | 146 | 348 | 16.676488 | 42 |
security benefits | 442 | 1728 | 16.674692 | 26 |
work incentives | 197 | 563 | 16.673890 | 35 |
employment strategy | 140 | 325 | 16.673868 | 43 |
european union statistics on income and living conditions | 127 | 276 | 16.669848 | 46 |
federal welfare reform | 63 | 72 | 16.668273 | 88 |
informal employment | 289 | 990 | 16.667872 | 29 |
right to land | 91 | 151 | 16.667429 | 60 |
strategy papers | 108 | 208 | 16.664496 | 52 |
income stratification | 68 | 85 | 16.661584 | 80 |
food assistance | 372 | 1400 | 16.658587 | 27 |
income sources | 376 | 1420 | 16.658234 | 26 |
unemployment insurance benefits | 95 | 166 | 16.650184 | 57 |
payg system | 68 | 86 | 16.647196 | 79 |
retirement benefit | 241 | 777 | 16.643813 | 31 |
rural household | 1770 | 7828 | 16.643723 | 23 |
transfer programs | 332 | 1216 | 16.643560 | 27 |
low-income families | 1011 | 4535 | 16.640190 | 22 |
poverty and development | 104 | 198 | 16.639012 | 53 |
insurance coverage | 3107 | 12823 | 16.638283 | 24 |
social safety net programs | 65 | 79 | 16.635745 | 82 |
the affordable care act | 1037 | 4672 | 16.634105 | 22 |
sustainable livelihood | 667 | 2897 | 16.633957 | 23 |
finance service | 146 | 359 | 16.633721 | 41 |
notional defined contribution | 68 | 87 | 16.632974 | 78 |
low-income workers | 136 | 319 | 16.632507 | 43 |
household survey data | 564 | 2390 | 16.630514 | 24 |
regional inequality | 357 | 1351 | 16.630161 | 26 |
welfare schemes | 133 | 308 | 16.628695 | 43 |
low-income worker | 137 | 324 | 16.628209 | 42 |
uninsured patients | 365 | 1395 | 16.625631 | 26 |
distributional effect | 519 | 2173 | 16.623998 | 24 |
lone mother | 175 | 485 | 16.623643 | 36 |
socioeconomic inequality | 384 | 1493 | 16.622801 | 26 |
global social policy | 83 | 131 | 16.622451 | 63 |
welfare capitalism | 128 | 290 | 16.621372 | 44 |
employment protection | 387 | 1511 | 16.619802 | 26 |
pension savings | 112 | 230 | 16.618121 | 49 |
earnings distribution | 213 | 659 | 16.617947 | 32 |
the unemployed | 910 | 4119 | 16.615691 | 22 |
universal cover | 926 | 4200 | 16.613913 | 22 |
social welfare benefits | 98 | 181 | 16.613302 | 54 |
american welfare state | 89 | 151 | 16.613066 | 59 |
health insurance system | 651 | 2856 | 16.611696 | 23 |
welfare dependence | 92 | 161 | 16.611626 | 57 |
poverty and education | 103 | 199 | 16.609278 | 52 |
pension contributions | 114 | 239 | 16.609055 | 48 |
social policy research | 111 | 228 | 16.608444 | 49 |
universal health coverage | 967 | 4410 | 16.608272 | 22 |
income maintenance | 157 | 413 | 16.605062 | 38 |
low-income people | 284 | 1009 | 16.602858 | 28 |
defined contribution pension plans | 70 | 95 | 16.598205 | 74 |
national welfare state | 89 | 153 | 16.596212 | 58 |
health coverage | 1302 | 6009 | 16.593762 | 22 |
economic inequalities | 1209 | 5608 | 16.586414 | 22 |
children's health insurance program (chip) | 94 | 171 | 16.586168 | 55 |
social protection mechanisms | 61 | 72 | 16.584848 | 85 |
retirement benefits | 209 | 656 | 16.583419 | 32 |
unemployment. | 1842 | 8393 | 16.582474 | 22 |
welfare attitudes | 135 | 328 | 16.577670 | 41 |
single mothers | 580 | 2557 | 16.573981 | 23 |
social welfare function | 337 | 1299 | 16.573088 | 26 |
health cover | 1324 | 6180 | 16.572879 | 21 |
welfare chauvinism | 89 | 156 | 16.571339 | 57 |
regional income disparities | 72 | 103 | 16.569249 | 70 |
social vulnerability assessment | 72 | 103 | 16.569249 | 70 |
insurance cover | 3182 | 13553 | 16.568378 | 23 |
gender wage discrimination | 59 | 68 | 16.567424 | 87 |
social expenditures | 142 | 360 | 16.566495 | 39 |
employment-based | 204 | 640 | 16.566385 | 32 |
pension insurance | 267 | 950 | 16.563638 | 28 |
community-based health insurance (cbhi) | 81 | 131 | 16.562130 | 62 |
distributional effects | 471 | 2013 | 16.557411 | 23 |
pension rights | 96 | 182 | 16.556431 | 53 |
multidimensional poverty measurement | 74 | 110 | 16.556318 | 67 |
material hardship | 183 | 546 | 16.555297 | 34 |
benefit receipt | 114 | 249 | 16.554638 | 46 |
household food security | 507 | 2206 | 16.554286 | 23 |
work incentive | 218 | 713 | 16.554070 | 31 |
labour market participation | 264 | 943 | 16.550906 | 28 |
financial access | 278 | 1014 | 16.550879 | 27 |
social investment state | 59 | 69 | 16.549857 | 86 |
welfare conditionality | 69 | 96 | 16.548838 | 72 |
sustainable livelihoods | 438 | 1851 | 16.547889 | 24 |
inclusive finance | 123 | 286 | 16.547441 | 43 |
welfare-to-work policies | 54 | 57 | 16.546870 | 95 |
poverty-stricken counties | 72 | 105 | 16.545384 | 69 |
equivalence scale | 161 | 450 | 16.542337 | 36 |
income source | 512 | 2250 | 16.541515 | 23 |
welfare institution | 207 | 666 | 16.540774 | 31 |
transfer program | 701 | 3243 | 16.539443 | 22 |
global inequality | 233 | 795 | 16.538170 | 29 |
global findex | 77 | 121 | 16.536428 | 64 |
social security reforms | 85 | 147 | 16.534730 | 58 |
pension policies | 102 | 207 | 16.534421 | 49 |
retirement age | 821 | 3879 | 16.530152 | 21 |
pensioners | 516 | 2289 | 16.528878 | 23 |
black economic empowerment (bee) | 60 | 73 | 16.525462 | 82 |
welfare entitlements | 69 | 98 | 16.523417 | 70 |
income-poverty | 56 | 63 | 16.523065 | 89 |
old age pensions | 91 | 169 | 16.522703 | 54 |
long-term poverty | 70 | 101 | 16.522531 | 69 |
child health insurance | 73 | 110 | 16.522222 | 66 |
equality index | 239 | 834 | 16.522134 | 29 |
public pension plan | 72 | 107 | 16.521970 | 67 |
flexicurity | 139 | 359 | 16.521556 | 39 |
long-term unemployment | 252 | 901 | 16.520482 | 28 |
age inequalities | 121 | 284 | 16.518708 | 43 |
economic and social policy | 156 | 435 | 16.518673 | 36 |
culture of poverty | 118 | 272 | 16.517880 | 43 |
minimum wage | 1126 | 5432 | 16.517027 | 21 |
urban inequality | 183 | 561 | 16.516898 | 33 |
child support grant | 84 | 146 | 16.514389 | 58 |
global income | 128 | 314 | 16.514074 | 41 |
unemployment rates | 908 | 4363 | 16.512755 | 21 |
comparative welfare state research | 68 | 96 | 16.511879 | 71 |
income concentration | 101 | 207 | 16.510906 | 49 |
european social policy | 95 | 185 | 16.510041 | 51 |
social insurance system | 171 | 507 | 16.509881 | 34 |
al exclusion | 6218 | 23314 | 16.509681 | 27 |
pension liabilities | 115 | 262 | 16.507531 | 44 |
low-wage work | 215 | 722 | 16.506075 | 30 |
pensioner | 574 | 2635 | 16.505039 | 22 |
national health insurance (nhi) | 299 | 1158 | 16.502420 | 26 |
low-wage | 590 | 2727 | 16.501264 | 22 |
welfare expenditure | 127 | 313 | 16.500271 | 41 |
security association | 215 | 725 | 16.500074 | 30 |
pobreza | 121 | 288 | 16.499983 | 42 |
employment services | 312 | 1230 | 16.498644 | 25 |
global poverty reduction | 59 | 72 | 16.498642 | 82 |
defined contribution plan | 133 | 339 | 16.498590 | 39 |
welfare politics | 92 | 176 | 16.496967 | 52 |
income groups | 1358 | 6614 | 16.495334 | 21 |
spatial inequality | 272 | 1022 | 16.493619 | 27 |
average income | 549 | 2520 | 16.492594 | 22 |
underinsured | 259 | 955 | 16.491993 | 27 |
photovoltaic poverty alleviation | 52 | 55 | 16.489744 | 95 |
safety net providers | 92 | 177 | 16.489674 | 52 |
affordable care act | 1451 | 7072 | 16.489139 | 21 |
distributive effects | 232 | 817 | 16.489098 | 28 |
islamic microfinance institutions | 61 | 78 | 16.488024 | 78 |
rural house | 1783 | 8576 | 16.487685 | 21 |
coverage expansion | 156 | 445 | 16.487154 | 35 |
social programs | 525 | 2399 | 16.486478 | 22 |
the informal sector | 690 | 3291 | 16.485406 | 21 |
poverty mapping | 91 | 174 | 16.485234 | 52 |
the minimum wage | 438 | 1926 | 16.485074 | 23 |
income and consumption | 227 | 794 | 16.484359 | 29 |
public pension program | 62 | 81 | 16.484059 | 77 |
universal credit | 75 | 120 | 16.481312 | 63 |
income and expenditure | 375 | 1587 | 16.480260 | 24 |
social policy change | 84 | 150 | 16.480063 | 56 |
employment service | 424 | 1856 | 16.479527 | 23 |
national social policy | 81 | 140 | 16.478200 | 58 |
informal sector | 1140 | 5626 | 16.477077 | 20 |
micro-fin | 376 | 1599 | 16.473897 | 24 |
anti-poverty strategies | 58 | 71 | 16.471222 | 82 |
employment guarantee scheme | 112 | 257 | 16.471133 | 44 |
wage discrimination | 172 | 527 | 16.468448 | 33 |
gender wage gaps | 100 | 210 | 16.468410 | 48 |
insurance systems | 261 | 981 | 16.468277 | 27 |
gender wage differential | 92 | 180 | 16.468041 | 51 |
welfare attitude | 138 | 369 | 16.467608 | 37 |
welfare institutions | 182 | 576 | 16.467491 | 32 |
child welfare reform | 54 | 61 | 16.466387 | 89 |
social security administration | 320 | 1301 | 16.465134 | 25 |
micro-finance institutions | 60 | 77 | 16.461098 | 78 |
z curve | 660 | 3180 | 16.459417 | 21 |
formal sector | 1354 | 6729 | 16.459290 | 20 |
public employment | 308 | 1241 | 16.458695 | 25 |
income-related inequalities | 90 | 174 | 16.458499 | 52 |
welfare state change | 74 | 119 | 16.458322 | 62 |
water access | 521 | 2420 | 16.457689 | 22 |
wealth and income inequality | 61 | 80 | 16.457398 | 76 |
medically uninsured | 113 | 264 | 16.456354 | 43 |
poverty studies | 82 | 146 | 16.455287 | 56 |
level of income | 480 | 2197 | 16.454630 | 22 |
affordable care | 1473 | 7313 | 16.454371 | 20 |
intergenerational transmission of poverty | 71 | 110 | 16.452607 | 65 |
labour income | 212 | 734 | 16.452035 | 29 |
health insurance premium | 154 | 447 | 16.452012 | 34 |
capital income | 344 | 1445 | 16.451439 | 24 |
universal health | 1625 | 8036 | 16.450328 | 20 |
muhammad yunus | 69 | 104 | 16.450154 | 66 |
income dynamics | 519 | 2424 | 16.447628 | 21 |
fair equality of opportunity | 73 | 117 | 16.445505 | 62 |
employment and income | 384 | 1674 | 16.444675 | 23 |
health insurance expansion | 79 | 137 | 16.443943 | 58 |
catastrophic expenditure | 137 | 371 | 16.443679 | 37 |
electricity access | 242 | 896 | 16.443249 | 27 |
national pension system | 61 | 81 | 16.442371 | 75 |
current population survey | 597 | 2869 | 16.440437 | 21 |
social policy preferences | 58 | 73 | 16.437883 | 79 |
time poverty | 100 | 215 | 16.437753 | 47 |
skill premium | 165 | 505 | 16.436189 | 33 |
insurance system | 1214 | 6136 | 16.434096 | 20 |
low-income groups | 305 | 1245 | 16.433770 | 24 |
income gaps | 129 | 338 | 16.432538 | 38 |
catastrophic health expenditures | 123 | 312 | 16.430678 | 39 |
income and expenditure survey | 160 | 483 | 16.429901 | 33 |
employment rates | 1308 | 6618 | 16.429228 | 20 |
catastrophic health expenditure (che) | 110 | 257 | 16.428862 | 43 |
formal social protection | 54 | 63 | 16.428104 | 86 |
voluntary health insurance | 96 | 201 | 16.427821 | 48 |
welfare function | 411 | 1845 | 16.427416 | 22 |
european social model | 131 | 349 | 16.424478 | 38 |
welfare mix | 90 | 179 | 16.422151 | 50 |
insurance pension | 78 | 136 | 16.421748 | 57 |
development inequality | 131 | 350 | 16.420605 | 37 |
skill-bias | 189 | 631 | 16.420513 | 30 |
gap between the rich and the poor | 110 | 259 | 16.418623 | 42 |
pension systems | 1070 | 5466 | 16.415789 | 20 |
dictatorship of the proletariat | 69 | 107 | 16.415093 | 64 |
microfinance banks | 62 | 86 | 16.411419 | 72 |
liberal welfare states | 65 | 95 | 16.410440 | 68 |
depth of outreach | 54 | 64 | 16.409416 | 84 |
human right to water | 134 | 367 | 16.407992 | 37 |
minimum income protection | 50 | 54 | 16.407837 | 93 |
universal health coverage (uhc) | 268 | 1061 | 16.406964 | 25 |
medicaid coverage | 316 | 1330 | 16.405965 | 24 |
socially excluded | 266 | 1051 | 16.405480 | 25 |
wealth concentration | 103 | 233 | 16.402891 | 44 |
labor market policy | 142 | 406 | 16.401871 | 35 |
private pension plan | 68 | 105 | 16.401643 | 65 |
urban unemployment | 125 | 328 | 16.400664 | 38 |
contributory pensions | 67 | 102 | 16.399964 | 66 |
gender inequality | 1517 | 7748 | 16.399915 | 20 |
poverty and mobility | 53 | 62 | 16.398227 | 85 |
deprivations | 330 | 1418 | 16.396321 | 23 |
low-income group | 399 | 1814 | 16.395417 | 22 |
out-of-pocket expenditure | 311 | 1311 | 16.395320 | 24 |
social security coverage | 90 | 183 | 16.393796 | 49 |
human poverty | 73 | 122 | 16.393467 | 60 |
non-contributory | 197 | 685 | 16.393260 | 29 |
health insurance exchange | 116 | 290 | 16.392679 | 40 |
livelihood strategies | 410 | 1882 | 16.391452 | 22 |
overcoming poverty | 75 | 129 | 16.391011 | 58 |
out-of-pocket health expenditure | 108 | 257 | 16.385816 | 42 |
welfare generosity | 64 | 94 | 16.384054 | 68 |
access to markets | 256 | 1011 | 16.383199 | 25 |
access to market | 343 | 1507 | 16.381054 | 23 |
defined benefit plans | 89 | 181 | 16.380944 | 49 |
world income distribution | 56 | 71 | 16.380385 | 79 |
feminization of poverty | 93 | 197 | 16.377783 | 47 |
informal workers | 215 | 789 | 16.377643 | 27 |
social welfare reform | 57 | 74 | 16.376670 | 77 |
old-age | 875 | 4547 | 16.374961 | 19 |
social program | 746 | 3834 | 16.374084 | 19 |
health security | 544 | 2683 | 16.373387 | 20 |
work-first | 73 | 124 | 16.373247 | 59 |
welfare state reforms | 70 | 114 | 16.372926 | 61 |
welfare state model | 100 | 226 | 16.372743 | 44 |
household asset | 251 | 993 | 16.368546 | 25 |
social welfare state | 88 | 179 | 16.367897 | 49 |
inequality and welfare | 68 | 108 | 16.366989 | 63 |
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